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Does the wage gap exist?
in Work Place
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- Walt Disney
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The other possible concern is how much of what is chalked up to a human capital difference between genders is actually effected by sexism, e.g. a random woman chooses to pursue a career as a nurse while a random man chooses to pursue a better paying and more respected career as a doctor. How much of their is their free choice and how much is the stereotypes of society pushing the different genders towards different careers, biasing their choice?
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Got to disagree. The core thing we want to measure is gender inequality. If we only look at salaries within the same job then that ignores wide varieties of possible inequality and gives us less useful information. For instance if women are much less likely to get promotions and high-paying jobs and this is down to discrimination rather than any other rationale, that's something we would want to know as it shows that women are in a much worse position.
Also https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-012-0165-z is the best paper I've found going over the limits of the human capital method and how some of the explanatory variables could themselves be rooted in sexism.
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Also, what about women's leave for pregnancy. Men don't get this, and they can also assist with the baby or their child.
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It tends to not be as long as maternity leave when it is in place so even where it does exist it isn't equal.
This is however one of those double edged sword scenarios. There is a greater expectation to be the breadwinner on men, which sucks for them if they want to look after the child. However the flip side to that is that there is a greater expectation on women to be the caregiver, which sucks if they want to focus on their career
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1) How much of that is because people are brought up in a world of gender stereotypes where women are expected to be the caretakers for the child and men the breadwinners?
2) There is a scientific basis for wanting the woman to be the primary caregiver. Although in most scenarios the sexes are equal, there are certain biological differences; one of which is that women's breasts produce milk after pregnancy. Although we have formula milk exists, to quote the NHS's guide to breastfeeding: "Formula milk doesn't provide the same protection from illness and doesn't give you any health benefits." This is backed up by peer reviewed scientific research; breast feeding is good for the baby.
Therefore to benefit the child, governments would want to encourage the mother to be the one to stay home.
This is changing somewhat due to breast pumps, which I believe are growing in popularity a little, but I'm not aware of if there's been research on how storing breast milk before feeding effects the health benefits to the child and some mothers who've tried it report it's a bit of a hassle in terms of the time involved pumping, the painful pinching and pulling on the nipple, extra work cleaning up the equipment afterwards, etc.
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Men don't get pregnancy leave while women do. Men could also help out with the child or baby.
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[1]http://www.motherjones.com/kevin-drum/2016/04/gender-pay-gap-still-about-21-cents-dollar
[2]http://www.epi.org/publication/african-americans-are-paid-less-than-whites-at-every-education-level/
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